隔热涂料在汽车领域的应用研究

详细分析和研究了隔热涂料在汽车领域(汽车挡风玻璃、塑料及皮革内饰件、激光焊接技术)的应用。     

模拟3种有机膦系阻垢剂与方解石(104)面的相互作用

通过pH曲线实验研究了乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(EDTMP),己二胺四亚甲基膦酸(HDTMP)和二乙烯三胺五亚甲基膦酸(DTPMP)对碳酸钙垢的阻垢性能,在相同的加药浓度下阻垢性能强弱顺序为:DTPMPEDTMPHDTPM。同时采用周期性边界条件下的分子动力学方法,模拟研究了在水分子存在条件下各阻垢剂与方解石(104)面的相互作用,得到了相应的结合能和原子间距离等参数。结果表明:阻垢分子膦酸基团中的双键氧与碳酸钙中的Ca~(2+)形成的强静电相互作用力对吸附起了主导作用,同时膦酸基团中的氢与晶面中的氧形成了氢键,加强了吸附效果。综合考虑各分子在晶面(104)上的吸附效果,其结果与实验相符合;从分子中膦酸基团作用个数也可看出,HDTMP只有一个膦酸基团靠近晶面,因此作用力也是最弱的。     

In vivo Kinetic Biodistribution of Nano‐Sized Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Bacteria

Evaluation of kinetic distribution and behaviors of nanoparticles in vivo provides crucial clues into their roles in living organisms. Extracellular vesicles are evolutionary conserved nanoparticles, known to play important biological functions in intercellular, inter‐species, and inter‐kingdom communication. In this study, the first kinetic analysis of the biodistribution of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)—bacterial extracellular vesicles—with immune‐modulatory functions is performed. OMVs, injected intraperitoneally, spread to the whole mouse body and accumulate in the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney within 3 h of administration. As an early systemic inflammation response, increased levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 are observed in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, the number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood is decreased. OMVs and cytokine concentrations, as well as body temperature are gradually decreased 6 h after OMV injection, in concomitance with the formation of eye exudates, and of an increase in ICAM‐1 levels in the lung. Following OMV elimination, most of the inflammatory signs are reverted, 12 h post‐injection. However, leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are increased as a late reaction. Taken together, these results suggest that OMVs are effective mediators of long distance communication in vivo.     

酶在棉织物前处理方面的应用

利用生物酶对棉织物进行前处理是适应染整行业清洁生产的关键技术,也是我国循环经济发展关注的重点领域。文章介绍了生物酶对棉织物技术概况,并基于专利申请梳理了国内外酶对棉织物前处理的技术演进和研究热点的变化。     

离子液体中α,β-不饱和化合物的绿色合成

芳香醛和活泼亚甲基化合物为原料,在离子液体中进行Knoevenagel缩合反应。本工艺避开了传统方法中在加入催化剂的有机溶剂中进行Knoevenagel缩合反应的步骤,采用离子液体为反应提供环境和催化,具有操作简单、成本低、对设备无特殊要求和环境友好的优点。